Understand MongoDB Indexes

Indexes improve the efficiency of database queries by allowing MongoDB to locate matching documents without scanning the entire collection.

Without an appropriate index, a query may perform a collection scan.

For example, our application frequently searches users by email.

An index on email can improve this lookup.

MongoDB supports several index types:

  • Single-field indexes.
  • Compound indexes.
  • Multikey indexes.
  • Text indexes.
  • Geospatial indexes.
  • TTL indexes.

The correct index depends on the query patterns used by the application.

Common Index Types

Single-field

Indexes one field

Compound

Indexes multiple fields

Multikey

Indexes array values

Text

Supports text search

TTL

Automatically expires documents

Key Takeaways
  • Indexes improve query efficiency.

  • Choose indexes based on actual query patterns.

  • Indexes consume storage and add write overhead.