Create the User Mongoose Model

Create src/models/user.model.js.

A Mongoose schema defines the structure and behavior of documents stored in a collection.

For our application, a user will contain:

name
email
password
age
role
isActive
createdAt
updatedAt

The email should be unique, and the password should be excluded from ordinary query results by default.

Mongoose timestamps automatically manage createdAt and updatedAt.

Unique Is an Index, Not a Validator

The unique option creates a unique index. Duplicate email registration can produce a MongoDB duplicate-key error. Handle that error explicitly in your service or centralized error handler.

src/models/user.model.js

import mongoose from 'mongoose';

const userSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
  name: {
    type: String,
    required: true,
    trim: true,
    minlength: 2,
    maxlength: 80
  },
  email: {
    type: String,
    required: true,
    unique: true,
    lowercase: true,
    trim: true
  },
  password: {
    type: String,
    required: true,
    select: false
  },
  age: {
    type: Number,
    min: 18,
    max: 120
  },
  role: {
    type: String,
    enum: ['user', 'admin'],
    default: 'user'
  },
  isActive: {
    type: Boolean,
    default: true
  }
}, {
  timestamps: true
});

export const User = mongoose.model('User', userSchema);

Defines the user schema with field types, constraints, defaults, a unique email index declaration, and automatic timestamps.

Key Takeaways

Mongoose schemas define document structures.
Schema options support validation and default values.
The timestamps option manages createdAt and updatedAt.
The unique option creates a database index.

Create the User Mongoose Model

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