MongoDB is a document-oriented NoSQL database.

Instead of storing information in traditional relational tables, MongoDB stores documents inside collections.

A MongoDB document resembles a JSON object, but MongoDB internally stores documents using BSON.

For example, a users collection might contain:

{
  "_id": "ObjectId(...) ",
  "name": "John Doe",
  "email": "john@example.com",
  "age": 25,
  "isActive": true
}

Mongoose is an Object Data Modeling library that provides a structured way to interact with MongoDB from Node.js.

Mongoose provides:

• Schema definitions.
• Models.
• Validation.
• Middleware hooks.
• Query helpers.
• Population.
• Transactions support through MongoDB sessions.

We will use Mongoose to define and manage our user collection.