API Gateway

An API gateway is a specialized entry point that can provide routing, authentication integration, rate limiting, request transformation, observability, and aggregation across services.

In a microservice architecture, the gateway can present a unified external API while routing requests to multiple internal services.

However, putting too much business logic into the gateway creates a centralized bottleneck and makes the system harder to evolve.

Gateway Responsibilities
Routing: Map external paths to services
Authentication: Validate or delegate identity
Rate limiting: Protect public APIs
Observability: Collect edge metrics and traces