Storage estimation begins with record count, average encoded record size, indexes, replication, and retention. If 10 million events are written daily and each stored event averages 700 bytes, raw event payload growth is roughly 7 GB/day before indexes, replication, compression, and metadata. Over a year, that is about 2.56 TB of raw payload.

Bandwidth is request rate multiplied by average payload size. At 2,000 responses/second and 40 KB per response, outbound payload traffic is about 80 MB/s before protocol overhead and retransmissions. Distinguish ingress from egress and consider media separately from metadata.

Memory estimates are especially important for caches and indexes. A cache entry's real cost includes key/value bytes plus object and allocator overhead. Never assume a 100-byte logical record consumes exactly 100 bytes in RAM. Use representative measurements and leave headroom for bursts and runtime overhead.